- Module efficiency varies with tested area.
What changed
A September 14 paper reports a chemical-bath method that controls nickel-oxide crystallization for perovskite solar devices. A Nankai University-led team uses potassium tartrate coordination to produce dense, conformal layers. The authors report 23.42% conversion efficiency for a 17.7-square-centimetre module and 21.97% for an 81.5-square-centimetre module.
Why it matters
The different module sizes make this more informative than a small-cell efficiency figure alone. Uniform charge-extraction layers are a relevant engineering target when moving from individual research cells toward larger devices.
What remains unproven
The tested modules remain small. The authors report over 90% efficiency retention after 1,200 hours for the smaller module under ISOS-L-1I conditions; that does not establish outdoor service life or manufacturing economics. Full production yield and commercial deployment are not demonstrated.
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Recorded source-check date: 15 Sep 2026. A link is not, by itself, evidence that every claim has been independently verified.
Changes & version history
Version 3 · 15 Sep 2026
Scheduled release of checksum-bound AI-assisted editorial review
Version 2 · 15 Sep 2026
Checksum-bound editorial review scheduled for release
Version 1 · 15 Sep 2026
Source-linked private review edition